diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListener.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListener.java
index c852eeb202..b0ff1155f1 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListener.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListener.java
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
+import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
 import org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -639,6 +640,8 @@ public class ConfigFileApplicationListener implements EnvironmentPostProcessor,
 				for (String path : asResolvedSet(this.environment.getProperty(propertyName), null)) {
 					if (!path.contains("$")) {
 						path = StringUtils.cleanPath(path);
+						Assert.state(!path.startsWith(ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX),
+								"Classpath wildard patterns cannot be used as a search location");
 						if (!ResourceUtils.isUrl(path)) {
 							path = ResourceUtils.FILE_URL_PREFIX + path;
 						}
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests.java
index 742fa79edf..b5df9dac4c 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests.java
@@ -698,6 +698,15 @@ class ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests {
 				matchingPropertySource("applicationConfig: [file:" + location.replace(File.separatorChar, '/') + "]"));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void classpathWildcardResourceThrowsException() {
+		TestPropertySourceUtils.addInlinedPropertiesToEnvironment(this.environment,
+				"spring.config.location=classpath*:override.properties");
+		assertThatIllegalStateException()
+				.isThrownBy(() -> this.initializer.postProcessEnvironment(this.environment, this.application))
+				.withMessage("Classpath wildard patterns cannot be used as a search location");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void propertySourceAnnotation() {
 		SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(WithPropertySource.class);